I-GRAPHENE, INTO EBALULEKILE-INHLOSO
IGraphene yinto entsha ezoguqula lokho esikusebenzisela izingubo.
Okushiwo ngaphambili endatshaneni yethu ngezindwangu ezintsha, i-graphene iyaqhubeka nokudala uthuthuva. Futhi ngesizathu esihle. Kutholakale ngo-2004 ngabaphenyi ababili abavela eNyuvesi yaseManchester, u-André Geim noKonstantin Novoselov, futhi baklonyeliswa ngeNobel Prize for Physics ngo-2010, le ndaba entsha engakaze ibonwe inezici eziningi ezehlukile.
Ukuthatha ukwakheka koqweqwe olulodwa lwama-athomu e-carbon ahlelwe ngephethini lezinyosi, i-graphene iza ifomu elimsulwa, ngaphandle kwezithasiselo noma i-chemistry. Kuhlelwe ngamashidi asongwe ngokhodiyoni, indawo yayo eyisicaba futhi enwebekayo nezakhiwo zayo ezishisayo nezikagesi zikwenza kube yilungu elifanele ukuhlanganiswa kwendwangu, ngaphezu kokusetshenziswa kwayo kwezemvelo, njengoba i-graphene imunca ama-hydrocarbon nezinto zokwakha eziphilayo.
IGraphene ingachazwa njengongqimba lwe-graphite olunesisindo esisodwa se-athomu. Kuyinto eyisisekelo yokwakhiwa kwamanye ama-allotropes, kufaka phakathi i-graphite, amalahle, ama-carbon nanotubes nama-fullerenes. Kungabhekwa futhi njengemolekyuli enkulu enomphela engapheli, icala elikhawulelayo lomndeni wama-hydrocarbon amnandi e-polycyclic. Ucwaningo lweGraphene luye lwanda ngokushesha selokhu umuthi wahlukaniswa okokuqala ngo-2004. Ucwaningo lwaziswa izincazelo zemfundiso yokwakheka kwe-graphene, isakhiwo nezakhiwo, okwakubalwe konke emashumini eminyaka ngaphambili. I-graphene esezingeni eliphakeme nayo ikhombise ukuthi kulula ukuyihlukanisa, okwenza ucwaningo olwengeziwe lube nokwenzeka. U-Andre Geim noKonstantin Novoselov e-University of Manchester bathola iNobel Prize in Physics ngo-2010 “ngenxa yokuhlola okwakumayelana ne-graphene enezinhlangothi ezimbili.
Izindwangu eziboshwe ngeGraphene zitholwe ngokunciphisa amakhemikhali kwe-graphene oxide. Izindwangu zokuqhuba zitholakele kusetshenziswa ukugcotshwa okuningana kwe-graphene. I-Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy ikhombise indlela yokuziphatha kwezindwangu. Izinga lokuskena ipharamitha eyisihluthulelo ekuchazeni i-cyclic voltammetry. Ukuskena imicroscopy kagesi kukhombise ukwanda kokusebenza ngamandla.